NGINX Plus 冗長構成

0. 事前作業

NGINX Install

冗長構成とするため、 ubuntu02 に対しNGINXをインストールします。

Windows Jump Hostへログインいただくと、SSHClientのショートカットがありますので、そちらをダブルクリックし ubuntu02 へ接続ください

  • ../../_images/putty_icon2.jpg
  • ../../_images/putty_menu2.jpg
以下のページの内容を参考にNGINX Plus及びモジュールをインストールします
NGINX Plus Lab 1. NGINX Plusのインストール

1. 冗長構成

../../_images/nginx-ha-slide.jpg

詳細は以下のページを参照してください

モジュールのインストール

ubuntu01 、 ubuntu02 の双方で以下のモジュールをインストールしてください

sudo apt-get install nginx-ha-keepalived  nginx-sync

インストール結果を確認してください

dpkg-query -l | grep -e nginx-ha-keepalived -e nginx-sync
実行結果サンプル
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ii  nginx-ha-keepalived                2.2.7-4~focal                         amd64        Tools for creating and managing NGINX Plus HA cluster
ii  nginx-sync                         1.1                                   all          nginx configs synchronization script

スクリプトを用いた初期設定

双方のホストで nginx-ha-setup コマンドを利用しセットアップを行います。実行するホストに注意してください

ubuntu01 で以下の内容を実行してください。 MASTER としてセットアップします

sudo nginx-ha-setup
実行結果サンプル
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Thank you for using NGINX Plus!

This script is intended for use with RHEL/CentOS/SLES/Debian/Ubuntu-based systems.
It will configure highly available NGINX Plus environment in Active/Passive pair.

NOTE: you will need the following in order to continue:
 - 2 running systems (nodes) with static IP addresses
 - one free IP address to use as Cluster IP endpoint

It is strongly recommended to run this script simultaneously on both nodes,
e.g. use two terminal windows and switch between them step by step.

It is recommended to run this script under screen(1) in order to allow
installation process to continue in case of unexpected session disconnect.

Press <Enter> to continue...  << ENTER を入力

Step 1: configuring internal management IP addresses.

In order to communicate with each other, both nodes must have at least one IP address.

The guessed primary IP of this node is: 10.1.1.7/24

Do you want to use this address for internal cluster communication? (y/n)  << y を入力
IP address of this host is set to: 10.1.1.7/24
Primary network interface: ens5

Now please enter IP address of a second node: 10.1.1.6  << 10.1.1.6(対向のNGINX) を入力
You entered: 10.1.1.6
Is it correct? (y/n)  << y を入力
IP address of the second node is set to: 10.1.1.6

Press <Enter> to continue...  << ENTER を入力

Step 2: creating keepalived configuration

Now you have to choose cluster IP address.
This address will be used as en entry point to all your cluster resources.
The chosen address must not be one already associated with a physical node.

Enter cluster IP address: 10.1.1.100  << 10.1.1.100(HA IP) を入力
You entered: 10.1.1.100
Is it correct? (y/n) << y を入力

You must choose which node should have the MASTER role in this cluster.

Please choose what the current node role is:
1) MASTER
2) BACKUP

(on the second node you should choose the opposite variant)

Press 1 or 2.  << 1(MASTER) を入力
This is the MASTER node.

Step 3: starting keepalived

Starting keepalived...
keepalived has been successfully started.

Press <Enter> to continue... << ENTER を入力

Step 4: configuring cluster

Enabling keepalived and nginx at boot time...
Initial configuration complete!

keepalived logs are written to syslog and located here:
/var/log/syslog

Further configuration may be required according to your needs
and environment.
Main configuration file for keepalived can be found at:
 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

To control keepalived, use 'service keepalived' command:
 service keepalived status

keepalived documentation can be found at:
http://www.keepalived.org/

NGINX-HA-keepalived documentation can be found at:
/usr/share/doc/nginx-ha-keepalived/README

Thank you for using NGINX Plus!

ubuntu02 で以下の内容を実行してください。 MASTER としてセットアップします

sudo nginx-ha-setup
実行結果サンプル
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Thank you for using NGINX Plus!

This script is intended for use with RHEL/CentOS/SLES/Debian/Ubuntu-based systems.
It will configure highly available NGINX Plus environment in Active/Passive pair.

NOTE: you will need the following in order to continue:
 - 2 running systems (nodes) with static IP addresses
 - one free IP address to use as Cluster IP endpoint

It is strongly recommended to run this script simultaneously on both nodes,
e.g. use two terminal windows and switch between them step by step.

It is recommended to run this script under screen(1) in order to allow
installation process to continue in case of unexpected session disconnect.

Press <Enter> to continue...  << ENTER を入力

Step 1: configuring internal management IP addresses.

In order to communicate with each other, both nodes must have at least one IP address.

The guessed primary IP of this node is: 10.1.1.6/24

Do you want to use this address for internal cluster communication? (y/n)  << y を入力
IP address of this host is set to: 10.1.1.6/24
Primary network interface: ens5

Now please enter IP address of a second node: 10.1.1.7  << 10.1.1.7(対向のNGINX) を入力
You entered: 10.1.1.7
Is it correct? (y/n)  << y を入力
IP address of the second node is set to: 10.1.1.7

Press <Enter> to continue...  << ENTER を入力

Step 2: creating keepalived configuration

Now you have to choose cluster IP address.
This address will be used as en entry point to all your cluster resources.
The chosen address must not be one already associated with a physical node.

Enter cluster IP address: 10.1.1.100  << 10.1.1.100(HA IP) を入力
You entered: 10.1.1.100
Is it correct? (y/n) << y を入力

You must choose which node should have the MASTER role in this cluster.

Please choose what the current node role is:
1) MASTER
2) BACKUP

(on the second node you should choose the opposite variant)

Press 1 or 2.  << 2(BACKUP) を入力
This is the BACKUP node.

Step 3: starting keepalived

Starting keepalived...
keepalived has been successfully started.

Press <Enter> to continue... << ENTER を入力

Step 4: configuring cluster

Enabling keepalived and nginx at boot time...
Initial configuration complete!

keepalived logs are written to syslog and located here:
/var/log/syslog

Further configuration may be required according to your needs
and environment.
Main configuration file for keepalived can be found at:
 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

To control keepalived, use 'service keepalived' command:
 service keepalived status

keepalived documentation can be found at:
http://www.keepalived.org/

NGINX-HA-keepalived documentation can be found at:
/usr/share/doc/nginx-ha-keepalived/README

Thank you for using NGINX Plus!

確認

keepalived の 設定ファイルの内容を確認します。双方のホストで実行した結果を確認します

cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
実行結果サンプル
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## ubuntu01 の出力結果
global_defs {
        vrrp_version 3
}

vrrp_script chk_manual_failover {
        script "/usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-manual-failover"
        interval 10
        weight 50
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx_service {
        script "/usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-check"
        interval 3
        weight 50
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        interface ens5
        priority 101
        virtual_router_id 51
        advert_int 1
        accept
        garp_master_refresh 5
        garp_master_refresh_repeat 1
        unicast_src_ip 10.1.1.7/24
        unicast_peer {
                10.1.1.6
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
                10.1.1.100
        }
        track_script {
                chk_nginx_service
                chk_manual_failover
        }
        notify "/usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-notify"
}
  • 18-38行目が、冗長構成の主要な設定となります
  • 19行目が、VRRPで利用するインタフェースです
  • 20行目が、Priorityを指定し MASTER は 101 となります
  • 26行目が自ホストのIPアドレス、28行目が対向ホストのIPアドレス、31行目が冗長構成で利用する VIrtual IP(VIP) となります
実行結果サンプル
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## ubuntu02 の出力結果
global_defs {
        vrrp_version 3
}

vrrp_script chk_manual_failover {
        script "/usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-manual-failover"
        interval 10
        weight 50
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx_service {
        script "/usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-check"
        interval 3
        weight 50
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        interface ens5
        priority 100
        virtual_router_id 51
        advert_int 1
        accept
        garp_master_refresh 5
        garp_master_refresh_repeat 1
        unicast_src_ip 10.1.1.6/24
        unicast_peer {
                10.1.1.7
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
                10.1.1.100
        }
        track_script {
                chk_nginx_service
                chk_manual_failover
        }
        notify "/usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-notify"
}
  • 18-38行目が、冗長構成の主要な設定となり、基本的な記述は ubuntu01(MASTER) となります
  • 20行目が、Priorityを指定し BACKUP は 100 となります

冗長構成のStateを確認します。双方のホストで実行した結果を確認します

cat /var/run/nginx-ha-keepalived.state
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## ubuntu01 の出力結果
STATE=MASTER

## ubuntu02 の出力結果
STATE=BACKUP

出力結果よりホストのステータスが確認できます

セットアップ後のインタフェースを確認します。双方のホストで実行した結果を確認します

ip addr show ens5
実行結果サンプル
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## ubuntu01 の出力結果
2: ens5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 06:b4:8c:4d:47:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp0s5
    inet 10.1.1.7/24 brd 10.1.1.255 scope global dynamic ens5
       valid_lft 2830sec preferred_lft 2830sec
    inet 10.1.1.100/32 scope global ens5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::4b4:8cff:fe4d:470d/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

## ubuntu02 の出力結果
2: ens5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 06:f7:7d:74:47:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.1.1.6/24 brd 10.1.1.255 scope global dynamic ens5
       valid_lft 2750sec preferred_lft 2750sec
    inet6 fe80::4f7:7dff:fe74:4755/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  • 各ホストのインタフェースが確認できます
  • MASTER である ubuntu01 の結果を確認すると、7-8行目に VIP が割り当てられることが確認できます

VRRPにより、冗長構成が動作していることが確認できます

2. 設定同期

../../_images/nginx-ha-configsync-slide.jpg

詳細は以下のページを参照してください

設定

設定の同期は、ある指定のホストからその他ホスト(郡)へ同期する機能となります。 ubuntu01 から ubuntu02 に同期する設定を行います。

ubuntu01 で以下の操作を行ってください

# 設定同期に関する設定をコピー
sudo cp ~/f5j-nginx-plus-lab2-conf/lab/ha-nginx-sync.conf /etc/nginx-sync.conf

# 不要な設定を削除
sudo rm -rf /etc/nginx/conf.d/*

# 必要な設定ファイルをコピー＆反映
sudo cp ~/f5j-nginx-plus-lab2-conf/lab/api.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
sudo cp ~/f5j-nginx-plus-lab2-conf/lab/ha-demo.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
sudo touch /etc/nginx/conf.d/dummy.conf
sudo nginx -s reload

配置したファイルが存在すること確認します

ls /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/dummy.conf
実行結果サンプル
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/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  /etc/nginx/conf.d/dummy.conf

以下コマンドを実行し、設定ファイルを同期します

nginx-sync.sh

Note

SSH証明書認証を行っている場合、 ~/.ssh/id_rsa というファイル名で鍵を配置する必要があります

実行結果サンプル
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 * Synchronization started at Wed Sep 28 10:53:40 UTC 2022

 * Checking prerequisites

 * Testing local nginx configuration file

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
 * Backing up configuration on ubuntu@10.1.1.6

Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
 * Updating configuration on ubuntu@10.1.1.6

Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
 * Testing nginx config on ubuntu@10.1.1.6

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.
Connection to 10.1.1.6 closed.

 * Synchronization ended at Wed Sep 28 10:53:52 UTC 2022

正しくファイルが同期されているか確認します。

ubuntu02 で以下の操作を行ってください

ls /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/dummy.conf
実行結果サンプル
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ls: cannot access '/etc/nginx/conf.d/dummy.conf': No such file or directory
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

default.conf は正しくファイルが存在しますが、 dummy.conf は同期の対象外のため ubuntu02 には存在しないことがわかります

3. 動作確認

疎通を確認します

ubuntu01 で以下の操作を行ってください

curl localhost; curl 10.1.1.7 ; curl 10.1.1.6 ; curl 10.1.1.100

Note

F5 Lab環境では、VIPを持つホスト以外からVIPへのアクセスはエラーとなります VIPを持つホストから疎通を確認してください

実行結果サンプル
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Dest: 127.0.0.1:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-7
Dest: 10.1.1.7:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-7
Dest: 10.1.1.6:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-6
Dest: 10.1.1.100:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-7
  • ubuntu01 である ip-10-1-1-7 、 ubuntu02 である ip-10-1-1-7 からの応答が確認できます
  • VIP である 10.1.1.100 の結果を確認すると ubuntu01 から応答されていることが確認できます

以下コマンドで Failover を実施します

sudo systemctl stop keepalived

Failover の結果を確認します

sudo systemctl status keepalived
実行結果サンプル
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● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2022-09-28 20:14:05 JST; 20s ago
   Main PID: 2588 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Sep 28 19:09:06 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[2589]: (VI_1) received lower priority (200) advert from 10.1.1.6 - discarding
Sep 28 19:09:07 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[2589]: (VI_1) received lower priority (200) advert from 10.1.1.6 - discarding
Sep 28 19:09:07 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[2589]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 28 20:14:04 ip-10-1-1-7 systemd[1]: Stopping LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Sep 28 20:14:04 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived[2588]: Stopping
Sep 28 20:14:04 ip-10-1-1-7 nginx-ha-keepalived[33420]: Transition to state 'STOP' on VRRP instance 'VI_1'.
Sep 28 20:14:05 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[2589]: Stopped
Sep 28 20:14:05 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived[2588]: Stopped Keepalived v2.2.7 (01/16,2022)
Sep 28 20:14:05 ip-10-1-1-7 systemd[1]: keepalived.service: Succeeded.
Sep 28 20:14:05 ip-10-1-1-7 systemd[1]: Stopped LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.

出力の内容から keepalived が停止していることが確認できます

以下コマンドを用いてステータスを確認します

cat /var/run/nginx-ha-keepalived.state
実行結果サンプル
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STATE=MASTER

keepalived が停止したためステータスが更新されず MASTER のママとなっていることが確認できます

インタフェースの状態を確認します

ip addr show ens5
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2: ens5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 06:b4:8c:4d:47:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp0s5
    inet 10.1.1.7/24 brd 10.1.1.255 scope global dynamic ens5
       valid_lft 2491sec preferred_lft 2491sec
    inet6 fe80::4b4:8cff:fe4d:470d/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

インタフェースでは、 VIP が表示されていないことが確認できます

ubuntu02 のステータスを確認します

sudo systemctl status keepalived
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● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-09-28 19:06:28 JST; 1h 8min ago
    Process: 15162 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 15170 (keepalived)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2333)
     Memory: 1.6M
     CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
             ├─15170 /usr/sbin/keepalived
             └─15172 /usr/sbin/keepalived

Sep 28 19:06:28 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) Changing effective priority from 150 to 200
Sep 28 19:06:29 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) received lower priority (151) advert from 10.1.1.7 - discarding
Sep 28 19:06:30 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) received lower priority (151) advert from 10.1.1.7 - discarding
Sep 28 19:06:31 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) received lower priority (151) advert from 10.1.1.7 - discarding
Sep 28 19:06:32 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 28 19:06:32 ip-10-1-1-6 nginx-ha-keepalived[15194]: Transition to state 'MASTER' on VRRP instance 'VI_1'.
Sep 28 19:09:07 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) Master received advert from 10.1.1.7 with higher priority 201, ours 200
Sep 28 19:09:07 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Sep 28 19:09:07 ip-10-1-1-6 nginx-ha-keepalived[15482]: Transition to state 'BACKUP' on VRRP instance 'VI_1'.
Sep 28 20:14:04 ip-10-1-1-6 Keepalived_vrrp[15172]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

21行目で MASTER となっていることが確認できます

cat /var/run/nginx-ha-keepalived.state
実行結果サンプル
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STATE=MASTER

ip addr show ens5
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2: ens5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 06:f7:7d:74:47:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.1.1.6/24 brd 10.1.1.255 scope global dynamic ens5
       valid_lft 2442sec preferred_lft 2442sec
    inet 10.1.1.100/32 scope global ens5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::4f7:7dff:fe74:4755/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ubuntu02 上で疎通を確認します

curl localhost; curl 10.1.1.7 ; curl 10.1.1.6 ; curl 10.1.1.100

Note

F5 Lab環境では、VIPを持つホスト以外からVIPへのアクセスはエラーとなります VIPを持つホストから疎通を確認してください

Dest: 127.0.0.1:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-7
Dest: 10.1.1.7:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-7
Dest: 10.1.1.6:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-6
Dest: 10.1.1.100:80 Response from ip-10-1-1-7
  • ubuntu01 である ip-10-1-1-7 、 ubuntu02 である ip-10-1-1-7 からの応答が確認できます
  • VIP である 10.1.1.100 の結果を確認すると ubuntu01 から応答されていることが確認できます

ubuntu01 へ切り戻しを行います

以下コマンドで Failover を実施します

sudo systemctl start keepalived

Failover の結果を確認します

sudo systemctl status keepalived
実行結果サンプル
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● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-09-28 20:36:35 JST; 4s ago
    Process: 33640 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 33641 (keepalived)
      Tasks: 7 (limit: 2327)
     Memory: 2.3M
     CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
             ├─33641 /usr/sbin/keepalived
             ├─33642 /usr/sbin/keepalived
             ├─33656 /bin/sh /usr/lib/keepalived/nginx-ha-notify INSTANCE VI_1 MASTER 201
             └─33658 systemctl start nginx.service

Sep 28 20:36:35 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived[33641]: Startup complete
Sep 28 20:36:35 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: VRRP_Script(chk_manual_failover) succeeded
Sep 28 20:36:35 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: (VI_1) Changing effective priority from 101 to 151
Sep 28 20:36:35 ip-10-1-1-7 nginx-ha-keepalived[33646]: Transition to state 'BACKUP' on VRRP instance 'VI_1'.
Sep 28 20:36:35 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx_service) succeeded
Sep 28 20:36:35 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: (VI_1) Changing effective priority from 151 to 201
Sep 28 20:36:36 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: (VI_1) received lower priority (200) advert from 10.1.1.6 - discarding
Sep 28 20:36:37 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: (VI_1) received lower priority (200) advert from 10.1.1.6 - discarding
Sep 28 20:36:38 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: (VI_1) received lower priority (200) advert from 10.1.1.6 - discarding
Sep 28 20:36:39 ip-10-1-1-7 Keepalived_vrrp[33642]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

ステータスが MASTER となっていることが確認できます。

ステータス、インタフェースの状態を確認します

ステータス確認結果サンプル
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$ cat /var/run/nginx-ha-keepalived.state
STATE=MASTER

$ ip addr show ens5
2: ens5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9001 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 0a:2d:6d:00:fb:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp0s5
    inet 10.1.1.7/24 brd 10.1.1.255 scope global dynamic ens5
       valid_lft 3438sec preferred_lft 3438sec
    inet 10.1.1.100/32 scope global ens5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::82d:6dff:fe00:fbc5/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4. その他冗長構成

その他冗長構成に関する要件については以下の記事を参照してください